Epidemiology of Hepatitis BDownload Introduction to Hepatitis B Hepatitis B, often dubbed "serum hepatitis," is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It presents a pressing global health challenge, especially in tropical and developing regions. Hepatitis B may manifest as an acute or chronic disease, ranging from mild, asymptomatic illness to … Continue reading Epidemiology of Hepatitis B: A Global Health Crisis
Screening - 2Download Screening has become an essential public health strategy for early disease detection, enabling timely intervention and reducing the burden of morbidity and mortality. However, it is not a blanket process to be applied indiscriminately. The concept of screening is governed by scientific, ethical, and economic considerations, primarily laid out by Wilson and … Continue reading The Science and Strategy of Screening: Principles, Criteria, and Applications
Emerging^0 Reemerging infectious diseasesDownload Introduction The resurgence of diseases once thought to be eliminated, alongside the appearance of new pathogens, has emerged as a critical concern in global health. The reappearance of measles in 2025, despite its near-eradication, underscores the vulnerabilities in public health systems and the dynamic nature of infectious diseases. Emerging and reemerging … Continue reading Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: A Global Health Challenge
Investigation of EpidemicDownload Introduction An epidemic is defined as the occurrence of disease cases in a community or region clearly in excess of normal expectancy for a specific period. Statistically, an epidemic is often identified when the number of cases exceeds two standard deviations above the mean of historical data. Sometimes, even a single case … Continue reading Investigation of Epidemic: An Integrated Public Health Approach
ScreeningDownload Screening plays a pivotal role in modern preventive medicine by identifying diseases in asymptomatic individuals before they manifest clinically. The concept is simple but powerful—intervene early to prevent complications, reduce morbidity, and improve quality of life. 1. The Concept and Importance of Screening Screening is defined as the search for unrecognized disease or defect … Continue reading Screening for Disease: A Public Health Imperative
Tests of Significance 2Download Statistical tests of significance are fundamental to modern medical research. These tests allow clinicians and researchers to determine the strength and nature of associations, predict health outcomes, and make data-driven decisions. Two major categories of such tests include correlation and regression models. Each test serves specific types of data and research … Continue reading Understanding Statistical Tests of Significance in Medical Research: A Deep Dive into Correlation and Regression Models
Tests of Significance 1Download In medical research and clinical practice, data-driven decision-making is essential for advancing health outcomes and improving treatment strategies. One of the pillars supporting this evidence-based approach is the application of statistical tests of significance. These tests help determine whether the differences observed in medical data are likely to be genuine or … Continue reading Understanding Statistical Tests of Significance in Medical Research Comparison of Proportions & Comparison of Means
Research Methodolgy & Sample size calculationDownload Research plays a fundamental role in advancing knowledge and guiding evidence-based decision-making. However, the reliability and accuracy of research findings are contingent upon the quality of its design and execution. This is where research methodology becomes essential. Research methodology is the comprehensive blueprint that guides the entire research process—from … Continue reading Understanding Research Methodology and Sample Size Calculation
Epidemiology of PolioDownload Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis, commonly known as polio, is an acute viral illness that primarily targets the human gastrointestinal tract. While the majority of infections remain subclinical or mild, a very small fraction—less than 1%—advance to infect the central nervous system, resulting in flaccid paralysis. Thanks to concerted global health efforts, the … Continue reading CM 8.1 Epidemiology, clinical features and control measures of poliomyelitis
ICDSDownload Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is one of India’s flagship welfare programs aimed at improving the nutritional and health status of children under six years of age, as well as pregnant and nursing women, adolescent girls, and other women aged 15–45 years. Designed to ensure holistic child development through a combination of nutrition, healthcare, … Continue reading CM 10.5 Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): A Comprehensive Approach to Child Welfare
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